We are preaching through Romans 9, which deals with the doctrine of election rather heavily. This might be a helpful review on the idea of God’s initiative in salvation and human responsibility.
Divine and Human Action in Salvation
It is with great caution that we tread upon waters that have been cause for much confusion and, sadly, division in God’s church. It is not helpful for us to draw up sides based on particular theologians and their systematic theological works. We are Christians, first and foremost, not Methodists, Presbyterians, Baptists, Calvinists, or Arminian. Though we find great help and are enriched by a study of great theologians of the past, let us be sure to make Christ our hero and Rabbi, above all else.
We must also recognize that in speaking of eternal salvation and the sovereignty of God, we enter a realm where our understanding is limited, at best. Let us listen well to the exhortation of Paul, after he meticulously teaches on these matters when he states,
“Oh, the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are His judgments and His ways past finding out! “For who has known the mind of the Lord? Or who has become His counselor?” ‘Or who has first given to Him and it shall be repaid to him?” Rom 11:33-35
Better yet, let us listen to the words of God Himself, “For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are My ways higher than your ways, and My thoughts than your thoughts (Isa 55:9).” We would do well to approach these subjects with great humility. For in the end, the finite mind cannot fully grasp the infinite. We, who are bound in time, cannot fully understand the One who is outside of time. We who are subjects, cannot fully comprehend infinite sovereignty. And finally, we who are still in corrupt flesh, cannot perfectly understand the One who is pure. There are some mysteries remaining for the believer.
To the question of divine and human action in salvation, we must recognize some very simple truths evident in Scripture:
First, man must believe upon Christ and His finished work to be saved. The Scripture is replete with examples of this very simple truth.
- “whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life.” (Jn 3:16b)
- “he who believes in Me has everlasting life.” (Jn 6:47b)
- “whoever believes in Him will receive remission of sins.” (Acts 10:43b)
- “Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and you will be saved” (Acts 16:31)
- “Whoever believes on Him will not be put to shame…whoever calls on the name of the Lord shall be saved” (Rom 10:11-13)
- “And this is His commandment: that we should believe on the name of His Son Jesus Christ and love one another, as He gave us commandment.” (1 Jn 3:23)
- “Whoever believes that Jesus is the Christ is born of God” (1 Jn 5:1a)
Second, God clearly calls upon man to come to Him for salvation. This is seen even in some of the passages above, but is also evident in many others:
- “Look to Me, and be saved, all you ends of the earth!” (Isa 45:22)
- “Seek the Lord while He may be found, call upon Him while He is near.” (Isa 55:6)
- “Say to them: ‘As I live,’ says the Lord God, ‘I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but that the wicked turn from his way and live. Turn, turn from your evil ways! For why should you die, O house of Israel?’” (Ezek 33:11)
- “Come to Me, all you who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.” (Mt 11:28)
- “For many are called, but few are chosen.” (Matt 22:14)
- “If anyone thirsts, let him come to Me and drink. He who believes in Me, as the Scripture has said, out of his heart will flow rivers of living water.” (Jn 7:37-8)
- “And the Spirit and the bride say, ‘Come!’ And let him who hears say, ‘Come!’ And let him who thirsts come. Whoever desires, let him take the water of life freely.” (Rev 22:17)
Third, man, after the fall, is naturally unable to seek God. Again, this is a consistent message in Scripture.
- “As it is written: “There is none righteous, no, not one; There is none who understands; there is none who seeks after God. They have all turned aside; they have together become unprofitable; there is none who does good, no, not one.” (Rom 3:10-12)
- “Because the carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, nor indeed can be. So then, those who are in the flesh cannot please God.” (Rom 8:7-8)
- “But the natural man does not receive the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; nor can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned.” (1 Cor 2:14)
- “And you He made alive, who were dead in trespasses and sins” (Eph 2:1)
- “This I say, therefore, and testify in the Lord, that you should no longer walk as the rest of the Gentiles walk, in the futility of their mind, having their understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God, because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart” (Eph 4:17-18)
- “Jesus said to them, ‘If God were your Father, you would love Me, for I proceeded forth and came from God; nor have I come of Myself, but He sent Me. Why do you not understand My speech? Because you are not able to listen to My word. You are of your father the devil, and the desires of your father you want to do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and does not stand in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaks a lie, he speaks from his own resources, for he is a liar and the father of it. (John 8:42-4)
- “But God be thanked that though you were slaves of sin, yet you obeyed from the heart that form of doctrine to which you were delivered.” (Rom 6:17)
As far as we can discern in Scripture, only Adam and Eve were naturally able to seek God. They were unhindered by a fallen nature. They were not darkened in their understanding. They were not slave to sin. They were not initially at enmity with God. They were not dead in their trespasses before the fall. But, we, as a result of their free will choice to sin, now inherit a sinful nature that is in bondage to sin and at enmity with God (Romans 5:12-21).
Fourth, God initiates salvation in man. Since man is unable to seek God, salvation is dependent upon God’s initiative. Once again, this truth is plainly seen in Scripture.
- “No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him; and I will raise him up at the last day.” (Jn 6:44)
- “For to you it has been granted on behalf of Christ, not only to believe in Him, but also to suffer for His sake.” (Philip 1:29)
- “But we are bound to give thanks to God always for you, brethren beloved by the Lord, because God from the beginning chose you for salvation through sanctification by the Spirit and belief in the truth, to which He called you by our gospel, for the obtaining of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ.” (1 Thess 2:13-14)
- “But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, to those who believe in His name: who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.” (John 1:12-13)
- “Therefore do not be ashamed of the testimony of our Lord, nor of me His prisoner, but share with me in the sufferings for the gospel according to the power of God, who has saved us and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works, but according to His own purpose and grace which was given to us in Christ Jesus before time began” (2 Tim 1:8-9)
- “For by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God, not of works, lest anyone should boast. For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand that we should walk in them.” (Eph 2:8-10)
- “Now when the Gentiles heard this, they were glad and glorified the word of the Lord. And as many as had been appointed to eternal life believed.” (Acts 13:48)
- “Now a certain woman named Lydia heard us. She was a seller of purple from the city of Thyatira, who worshiped God. The Lord opened her heart to heed the things spoken by Paul.” (Acts 16:14)
- “All that the Father gives Me will come to Me, and the one who comes to Me I will by no means cast out.” (John 6:37-38)
- “For whom He foreknew, He also predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son, that He might be the firstborn among many brethren. Moreover whom He predestined, these He also called; whom He called, these He also justified; and whom He justified, these He also glorified.” (Rom 8:29-30)
- “just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before Him in love, having predestined us to adoption as sons by Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will” (Eph 1:4-5)
- “For you are a holy people to the Lord your God; the Lord your God has chosen you to be a people for Himself, a special treasure above all the peoples on the face of the earth. The Lord did not set His love on you nor choose you because you were more in number than any other people, for you were the least of all peoples” (Deut 7:6-7)
- “For Jacob My servant’s sake, and Israel My elect, I have even called you by your name; I have named you, though you have not known Me.” (Isa 45:4)
- “But you are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, His own special people, that you may proclaim the praises of Him who called you out of darkness into His marvelous light; who once were not a people but are now the people of God, who had not obtained mercy but now have obtained mercy.” 1 Peter 2:9-10
- “Even so then, at this present time there is a remnant according to the election of grace. And if by grace, then it is no longer of works; otherwise grace is no longer grace.” (Rom 11:5-6)
- “Simon Peter answered and said, ‘You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.’ Jesus answered and said to him, ‘Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but My Father who is in heaven.’” (Matt 16:16-17)
- “Therefore, my beloved, as you have always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling; 13 for it is God who works in you both to will and to do for His good pleasure.” (Phil 2:12-13)
Many more statements could be said of the nature of divine and human action and in salvation. But these simple truths help us to avoid the error of assaulting the nature of God in our understanding of salvation. From them we can discern a very simple statement:
Our salvation, including the faith that we have in Christ, is totally the result of God’s love and grace, which manifests His glory. His work is initiatory and ours is dependent.
This reality makes it just as important that we call people to faith in Jesus Christ. It makes it just as important that we call people to repent of their sins. We affirm that those who trust in Jesus Christ as Savior are saved. We simply recognize that God, in a mysterious way, is sovereign over this whole transaction. Man’s faith, man’s repentance, man’s love for God are all the result of God’s initiatory action in the human heart. “We love Him because He first loved us.” (1 John 4:19) A good picture of this tension is found in John 1:12-13.
- “But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, to those who believe in His name: who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.” (John 1:12-13)
Notice that those who believed “He gave the right to become children of God”. But also notice that they were not born of their own will, but of the will “of God”.
Why is this distinction important? What does it matter? It matters because errors in this area lead to man-centered evangelistic methods, rather than God-centered ones (we try to engender a response, rather than trust in God’s Word, His Spirit, and His sovereignty). It matters because errors in this area have led to and will continue to lead to false conversion and false assurance (the emphasis on man-centered methods often equates decisions, sinners prayers, and altar trips with salvation). Errors in this area come dangerously close to impugning the very character of God (e.g. His eternality, His sovereignty, His immutability).
So, let us uphold God as the author of salvation while we plead with men to believe in Christ!